- Acute Head Injury
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease) - progressive degenerative disorder; nerve cells degenerate and die, muscle fibers atrophy - 3 times more prevalent in males. cause is unknown, ? genetic
- Bell's Palsy - inflammation around 7th cranial nerve (facial). unilateral facial weakness or paralysis, rapid onset; more common before 60, complete recovery in 1-8 weeks but longer in older adults, may reoccur, may result in contractures. caused from viral infection, hemorrhage, tumor, or trauma
- Brain Abscess - free or encapsulated collection of pus usually in the temporal love, cerebellum or frontal lobe, rare, can occur at any age, most common 10 - 35.prognosis is fatal or fair. causes - infection of ears, sinuses, or dental abscess and mastoiditis, subdural empyema or trauma.
- location of abscess
- temporal -
- auditory receptive dysphasia
- central facial wekness
- hemiparresis
- cerebrallar abscess -
- dixxiness
- coarse nystagmus
- gaxe weakness on lesion side
- tremor
- ataxia
- frontal
- expressive dysphasia
- hemiparesis with unilateral motor seizure
- drowsiness
- inattention
- mental function impairment
- seizures
- Brain tumor - causes - environmental, genetic
- frontal - aphasia, memory loss, personality changes
- temporal - aphasia, seizures
- parietal - motor seizures, sensory impairment
- occipital - homonymous hemianopsia (blindness or defective vision affecting the right halves or left halves of the visual field of the 2 eyes), visual hallucunation, visual impairment
- cerebellum - impaired coordination, impaired equilibrim
- Cartaract -
- Cerebral aneurysm - classified by size or shape, causes - atherosclerosis, congnital weakness, head trauma, keep lights low and no stress
- saccular - most common occur at the base of the brain at he juncture where the large arteries bifurcate, others include berry and dissecting.
- Crushing's triad (bradicardia, high sBP, wide pulse pressure, precussor to hemmorhage
- subarachnoid hemorrage - result of rupture, high motality rate, keep low lights, avoid overstimulation, HOB elevate 0 - 30 degrees, frequent neuro checks
- Conjuctivitis - inflammation of the conjucntiva, may be from infection (highly contagious), chemical, or allery
- causes -
- bacterial -
- staphylococcus aureus
- strptococcus pneumoniae
- neisseria gonorrhoeae
- n. meningitidis
- Chlamydial
- chlamydia trachomatis
- Viral
- Adenovirus types 3,7, and 8
- herpes simplex virus, type 1
- other causes -
- allergic -
- pollen
- grass,
- topidal medications,
- air pollution
- smoke
- fungal infections (rare)
- Occupationa irritans (acids and slkalies)
- parasitic diseases caused by phthirus pubis, or schistosoma haematobium
- tickettsial diseases (Rochy Mountain spotted fever)
- Corneal abrasion
- Encephalitis severe inflammation and swelling of the brain, damages optic nerve. usually caused by misquito or tick borne virus; may also occur by drinking infected goat milk, may cause permanent neurologic damage and is commonly fatal. Keep room cool and dark
- Glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure
- causes -
- diabetes mellitus
- long term steroid treatment
- previous eye trauma or surgeru
- Uveitis
- fisk factorw
- family history of glaucoma
- race - more prevailent in african-american
- Gukllain-Barre syndrome
- causes -
- cell mediated immune response with an attach on peripheral nerves in response to a virus
- demyelination of the peripheral nerves
- respiratory infection
- test
- history of preceding febrile illness (usually from a respiratory infection)
- CSF protein level begins to rise
- EMG shows repeated firing of the motr unit reather than widespread sectional stimulation
- nerve conduction velocities are slowed after paralysis
- potential complication
- mechanical ventilatory failure
- aspiration pneumonia
- sepsis
- joint contractions
- DVT
- Hearing Loss 3 major types of hearing loss
- conductive loss
- sensorineural loss
- mixed loss
Sunday, March 13, 2011
Neurosensory Disorders
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